Endast för information och utbildning – ej för operativt bruk !

4.    NORMAL PROCEDURES

4.1   Introduction

4.2   Assembly and disassembly

4.3   Pre-flight inspection

4.4   Normal procedures

4.4.1   Before entering cockpit
4.4.2   After entering cockpit

4.4.3   Before engine starting and Engine starting

4.4.4   Engine warm up, Engine check

4.4.5   Taxiing

4.4.6   Before take-off

4.4.7   Take-off

4.4.8   Climb

4.4.9   Cruise

4.4.10   Descent

4.4.11   Check before landing 4.4.12   On base leg

4.4.13   On final

4.4.14   Landing

4.4.15   Balked landing

4.4.16   After landing

4.4.17   Engine shutdown

4.4.18   Flight in rain

4.1  Introduction

Section 4 provides checklists and amplified procedures for the conduct of normal operation.

Normal procedures associated with optional systems can be found in section 9.

4.2  Assembly and disassembly

For assembly and disassembly procedures refer to the Technical Description, Operating and Maintenance Manual for the Ultra-light Aeroplane EV-97 „EUROSTAR“ model 2003.

4.3  Pre-flight inspection

The pre-flight inspection performance is very important by reason that incomplete or careless performance could cause aircraft failure. The following pre-flight inspection procedure is recommended by the aircraft Manufacturer:

•  Check if ignition is switched off in the cockpit

•  Wing

•  Wing surface condition

•  Leading edge condition

•  Pitot tube condition

•  Wing tip

•  Surface condition

•  Check of tips attachment

•  Condition and attachment of position lights (if installed)

•  Aileron

•  Surface condition

•  Attachment

•  Play

•  Free movement

•  Flap

•  Surface condition

•  Attachment

•  Play

•  Rear part of fuselage

•  Surface condition

•  Vertical tail unit

•  Surface condition

•  Play

•  Free movement

•  Horizontal tail unit

•  Surface condition

•  Attachment

•  Play

•  Free movement

•  Trim tab condition

•  Landing gear

•  Check of main and nose landing gear attachment

•  Check cable control of controllable nose wheel (if it is installed)

•  Condition of tires

•  Condition and attachment of wheel spats

•  Engine

•  Engine cowlings condition

•  Engine bed condition

•  Engine attachment check

•  Oil quantity check (between guidelines)     (Pse refer to Rotax Operator's Manual)

•  Fuel and Electric system visual check

•  Fuel system draining

•  Other checks according to engine manufacturer instructions

Caution !

It is advisable to turn the propeller by hand with the ignition switched off in the case where the engine has been out of operation for a long time. Avoid excessive pressure on a blade tip and trailing edge.

•  Propeller

•  Propeller attachment

•  Blades, Hub, Spinner condition

•  Other checks according to propeller manufacturer instructions

•  Cockpit

•  Ignition   - switched off

•  Master switch   - switched off

•  Instruments   - check of condition

•  Fuel gauge   - fuel quantity check (for fuel quantity check switch on Switch box and Master switch, then switch off!)

•  Controls   - visual check
    - check for proper function
    - check of plays
    - check of flaps extension
    - check of free movement up to the stops

•  Check for free items

•  Canopy   - Condition of attachment, cleanliness.

4.4  Normal procedures

4.4.1  Before entering cockpit

•  Aeroplane surface   - check of covers and caps

•  Cockpit   - items inside the cockpit

•  Ignition   - off

•  Master switch   - off

4.4.2  After entering cockpit

•  Rudder pedals   - free movement check

•  Brakes   - check of function

•  Control stick   - free movement check

•  Trim   - check of lever movement

•  Flaps   - check of function

•  Engine controls (throttle, choke)   - check of movement

•  Fuel cock   - shut off

•  Fuel gauge   - fuel quantity check

•  Master switch   - off

•  Circuit breakers   - off

•  Ignition   - off

•  Instruments, COMM,   - condition check

•  Safety harness   - check of integrity

•  Cockpit   - condition and canopy lock function

4.4.3  Before engine starting and Engine starting

•  Fuel cock   - open

•  Switch box   - turn the key

•  Circuit breakers   - switch on

•  Throttle   - set for idling

•  Choke   - according to engine temperature

•  Control stick   - fully pulled

•  Check of free area   

•  Master switch   - switch on

•  Propeller   - set for take-off if in-flight variable prop is installed

•  Electric fuel pump (if installed)   - switch on

•  Ignition   - switch on

•  Starter   - push the button to start engine

•  After starting   - set throttle to idling

•  Oil pressure   - within 10 sec. min. pressure

•  Electric fuel pump (if installed)   - switch off

•  Choke   - push to shut

•  Engine warm   - according to 0.4.4

      Caution

4.4.4  Engine warm up,  Engine check

Lock the main wheels by means of Scotch blocks before engine check. Initially warm up the engine to 2000 rpm then continue to 2500-2750 rpm till oil temperature reaches 50°C ( 122 °F ). The warm up period depends on ambient air temperature.

Check both ignition circuits at 3850 rpm (4000 rpm for Rotax 912S). The engine speed drop during the time either magneto switched off should not overcome 300 rpm. The Max. engine speed drop difference between circuits A and B should be 115 rpm.

Set max. power for verification of max. speed with given propeller and engine parameters (temperatures and pressures).

Check acceleration from idling to max. power. If necessary, cool the engine at 3000 rpm before shutdown.

Check the function of the pitch setting mechanism if in-flight variable prop is installed.

Caution !

The engine check should be performed with the aircraft heading upwind and not on loose terrain (the propeller may suck impurities which can damage the leading edges of blades).

 

4.4.5  Taxiing

The recommended taxiing speed is 15 km/h ( 8 kts ). The direction of taxiing can be controlled by the controllable nose wheel or by brakes. Hydraulic disc brakes are controlled by pedals on the rudder control.

4.4.6  Before take-off

•  Brakes   -   fully applied

•  Rudder pedals   -   check of free movement

•  Control stick   -   check of free movement

•  Trim   -   neutral position

•  Flaps   -   „Take-off“ position

•  Propeller   -   set for take-off (fine pitch) if in-flight
    variable prop is installed

WARNING

Control overswitch of the constant speed propeller must be set to the “MANUAL” position before take-off, and propeller pitch must be set as above.

 

•  Engine controls   -   choke shut

•  Fuel cock   -   opened

•  Fuel gauge   -   fuel quantity check

•  Circuit breakers   -   switched on

•  Instruments, COM, FLYdat   -   within limits

•  Safety harness   -   secured and tightened

•  Cockpit   -   locked

 

4.4.7  Take-off

By gradually increasing power, set the aircraft into motion.

The direction of take-off run can be controlled by the controllable nose wheel and by hydraulic brakes. Slightly pull the stick to unstick the nose wheel. The aircraft then takes-off at a speed above 75 km/h ( 40 kts ). Slightly push the stick until the safety climb speed of 100 km/h ( 54 kts ) has been reached. The Maximum Flap Extended speed is 125 km/h ( 67 kts ). Refer to the "Performance" for optimum climbing speed.

Warning

The Take-off is prohibited if: •  The engine is running unsteadily •  The engine instruments values are beyond operational limits •  The engine choke is open •  The crosswind velocity exceeds permitted limits     (see (performance)

 

4.4.8  Climb

•  Throttle     - Max. Take-off Power (max. 5 min. 5750 rpm)
    - Max. Continuous Power (5500 rpm)

•  Speed     - 115 km/h ( 62 kts )

•  Trim     - adjust

•  Instruments  - CHT, Oil temp. and pressure within limits

       Caution

If the cylinder head temperature or oil temperature exceed their limits, reduce the climb angle to decrease airspeed and thus fulfil the limits.

 

4.4.9  Cruise

The EV-97 „EUROSTAR“ model 2003 flight characteristics are very grateful within permitted limits of airspeeds, configurations and C/G range. The aircraft is very easy to both control and manoeuvre. For more details about horizontal flight regimes, refer to the Section 5 par. 5.3.1 .

4.4.10  Descent

•  Throttle   - idling

•  Speed   - 110 km/h ( 60 kts )

•  Trim   - as necessary

•  Instruments   - within limits

     Caution !

4.4.11  Check before landing

•  Fuel     - fuel quantity check

•  Safety harness   - tightened

•  Brakes     - check function

•  Trim     - adjust

•  Landing area check   - runway area

  - base leg area

4.4.12  On base leg

•  Speed     - 110 km/h ( 60 kts )

•  Flaps     - extend to „Take-off“ position

•  Propeller     - in case of adjustable propeller set for   
    take-off (fine pitch)

WARNING

Control overswitch of the constant speed propeller must be set to the “MANUAL” position before landing, and must stay in this position at landing, and propeller pitch must be set as above.

•  Trim     - adjust

•  Throttle     - as necessary

•  Instruments     - within limits   

 

4.4.13  On final

•  Speed     - 110 km/h ( 60 kts )

•  Flaps     - „Landing“ position

•  Trim     - adjust

•  Throttle     - as necessary

•  Propeller     - in case of constant speed prop. check setting of
    control overswitch to “MANUAL” position

•  Instruments     - values within limits

 

4.4.14  Landing

The airspeed during float is slowly reduced, so that the touch down speed is about 70 km/h ( 38 kts ).

Gradually pull the stick after touch down to hold the nose wheel up as long as possible. Push the control stick when the nose wheel touches the ground. The landing run can be shortened by braking.

4.4.15  Balked landing

•  Throttle     - full

•  Engine speed   - max.5800 rpm

•  Flaps     - set to the „Take-off“ position
    at a speed of 100 km/h (54 kts)

•  Trim     - as necessary

•  Flaps     - retract at a height of 50 m ( 165 ft )

•  Trim     - adjust

•  Engine speed   - MTV, max.5500 rpm

•  Instruments     - within limits

•  Climb     - at 110 km/h ( 60 kts )

4.4.16  After landing

•  Engine speed   - set as necessary for taxiing

•  Flaps     - retracted and locked

•  Trim     - neutral position

 

4.4.17  Engine shutdown

•  Engine speed   - idling

•  Instruments   - engine instruments within limits

•  COMM + intercom   - switch off

•  Ignition   - switch off

•  Circuit breakers   - switch off

•  Master switch   - switch off

•  Switch box   - turn the key counterclockwise to switch off

•  Fuel cock   - shut off

CAUTION

Rapid engine cooling should be avoided during operation. This happens above all during aircraft descent, taxiing, low engine rpm or at engine shutdown immediately after landing.

Under normal conditions the engine temperatures stabilize during descent, taxiing and at values suitable to stop engine by switching the ignition off. If necessary, cool the engine at 2500 – 2750 rpm to stabilize the temperatures prior to engine shut down.

4.4.18  Flight in rain

When flying in the rain, no additional steps are required. Aircraft qualities and performance are not substantially changed.

The slide window on the cockpit canopy may be used to make the visibility better under bad weather conditions and heavy rain.

end of file...